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John Locke believed that the human mind at birth was filled with a large number of innate ideas.

A) True
B) False

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Newton made many important scientific discoveries, the most important of which was


A) The circulation of the blood
B) The discovery of the satellites of Jupiter
C) The discovery of how gravitation holds the universe together
D) The invention of the microscope

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Galileo's greatest contributions include


A) His development of physical laws that overturned Aristotle's physics
B) His support of neo-Platonic philosophy
C) His proof of the effects of gravity
D) None of these options are correct

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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In a widely read book, Voltaire praised the religiously tolerant society of ________.

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Copernicus's astronomical views


A) Were ignored by contemporaries
B) Were rejected by Tycho Brahe, the greatest observational astronomer of the sixteenth century
C) Were quickly adopted by the Protestant Reformation
D) None of these choices are correct

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The ideas of Pierre Bayle and David Hume demonstrated


A) That science and religion were clearly compatible
B) That the Enlightenment was moving in a skeptical direction, challenging scriptural authority and religious beliefs
C) That not all Enlightenment thinkers believed in religious toleration
D) That the best Enlightenment thinkers did not frequent the salons

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Nicolas Copernicus is best known


A) As the first scientist to reject the Hermetic tradition and neo-Platonic philosophy
B) As the first person to use a telescope to observe the universe
C) As the first modern thinker to posit that the earth revolved around the sun
D) As the first person to publish a detailed treatise on how gravity operates

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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David Hume believed that neither our own existence nor the existence of God can be known for certain.

A) True
B) False

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Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Social Contract is still controversial because


A) It denounced all religion, even deism, as superstition
B) Its concept of the general will can be used to support both participatory democracy and an authoritarian regime
C) It tried to justify abortion
D) It advocated strict separation of the sexes

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Discuss the ideas of Bacon and Descartes. They seem to be presenting two different approaches to knowledge. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each.

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Francis Bacon and René Descartes are two...

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Did the Enlightenment thinkers actually change the world? Discuss the main themes of the Enlightenment and show whether each of these themes did or did not lead to some improvement.

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The Enlightenment thinkers did indeed ch...

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Pierre Bayle believed that all religious dogma that conflicted with natural human understanding had to be rejected.

A) True
B) False

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Why should so many problems have developed between science and religion when so many of the early scientists were quite orthodox in their religious beliefs?

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There are multiple reasons why problems ...

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The Physiocrats were French economic thinkers who believed that economic prosperity rested on greater governmental control over agriculture and manufacturing.

A) True
B) False

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The scientist who discovered the law of universal attraction was


A) Paracelsus
B) Copernicus
C) Newton
D) Einstein

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Descartes proposed a dualistic philosophy of mind and matter.

A) True
B) False

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Thomas Paine's statement "I believe in one God...I do not believe in the creed professed by the Jewish church, by the Roman church, by the Greek church, by the Turkish church..." is an example of Enlightenment


A) Atheism
B) Deism
C) Agnosticism
D) Nominalism

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Discuss the major contributions made by Kepler and Galileo in proving the Copernican hypothesis.

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Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei made...

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Do you think that the Enlightenment merely popularized the Scientific Revolution or did it accomplish something more?

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The Enlightenment did more than just pop...

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The work of Paracelsus, Vesalius, Harvey and Boyle demonstrated


A) That the physics of Newton was incomplete and needed correction
B) That by no means was the intellectual world of Europe ready to accept the Scientific Revolution
C) That science was progressing not only in physics and astronomy but also in medicine, anatomy and chemistry
D) That the religious world had fully accepted the new science

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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