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Ozone is found in both the stratosphere (10-45 km above earth's surface) and the troposphere (atmosphere closest to Earth). Ozone in the stratosphere, which occurs as a result of oxygen reacting with ultraviolet radiation, prevents much of the damaging solar UV radiation from penetrating to the Earth's surface. Unfortunately, ozone in the stratosphere is threatened by man's use of chemicals like CFCs, which break down the ozone into oxygen. Ozone in the troposphere is a human-made secondary pollutant. Ozone in the troposphere causes health problems and stresses plants. Ozone in the troposphere does not ever find its way to the stratosphere to fix the declining composition there. Thus, reducing ozone in the stratosphere and increasing ozone in the troposphere are both air quality concerns, though for different reasons.
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A) vapor recovery
B) catalytic afterburners
C) vapor isolation
D) volatile emission treatment
E) none of these choices is correct
G) A) and B)
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A) primary air pollutants.
B) particulate matter.
C) hydrocarbons.
D) secondary air pollutants.
E) hazardous air pollutants.
G) C) and D)
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A) heart disease
B) emphysema
C) strokes
D) lung cancer
E) All of these choices are correct
G) A) and B)
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The Clean Air Act was passed in 1970) It...View Answer
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A) switching to all hybrid vehicles.
B) prohibiting smoking in public areas.
C) increasing gas exports to the United States.
D) replacing buses and taxis with a clean, non-polluting mass transit system.
E) requiring residents to buy new cars.
G) B) and C)
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A) chlorofluorocarbons - pesticide
B) halons - fire extinguishers
C) methyl chloroform - industrial solvent
D) carbon tetrachloride - industrial manufacturing
E) methyl bromide - pesticide
G) C) and E)
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A) acute poisoning
B) behavioral problems
C) headaches
D) hearing problems
E) permanently reduced cognitive abilities
G) C) and D)
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A) < 2.
B) 3 to 4.
C) 5 to 6.
D) 8.
E) 9 to 10.
G) C) and D)
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A) in well-insulated homes.
B) near nuclear power plants.
C) in cities.
D) outdoors.
E) in high-rise office buildings.
G) B) and C)
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A) agriculture and residential sources.
B) agriculture and industry.
C) industry and incineration.
D) industry and transportation.
E) incineration and transportation.
G) A) and D)
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A) eye and skin irritation.
B) a higher incidence of heart defects in infants whose mothers were exposed during pregnancy.
C) impairing gas exchange in the lungs by causing the airways to constrict.
D) its irreversible binding with hemoglobin, eliminating the body's ability to transport oxygen in the blood.
E) suppressing the immune system.
G) C) and D)
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D
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Primary air pollutants are harmful chemi...View Answer
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A) Copenhagen Protocol.
B) Montreal Protocol.
C) Kyoto Protocol.
D) Boston Protocol.
E) Mexico City Protocol.
G) A) and C)
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Radon is a naturally occurring gas produ...View Answer
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A) eye cataracts
B) sterility
C) skin cancer
D) weakened immunity
E) ecosystem disruption
G) A) and D)
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A) carbon dioxide
B) lead
C) nitrogen dioxide
D) ozone
E) radon
G) A) and C)
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Smoking causes lung cancer, emphysema, a...View Answer
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A) very acidic
B) slightly acidic
C) neutral
D) slightly basic
E) very basic
G) C) and D)
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Beijing has the worst air quality in the world. The primary causes of the air pollution problems are a rapidly-increasing population and the resulting increases in automobile exhaust, dust from construction sites, and coal-powered electricity production. In preparation for the 2008 summer Olympics, Beijing took significant steps to decrease its air pollution. Efforts included increasing public transportation, improving power plants and switching to low-sulfur coal, and improving automobile emission standards.
Air pollution in Mexico City is primarily caused by automobile exhaust from older vehicles (gasoline in Mexico also contains many contaminants), dried fecal matter from sewage, and leaks from liquefied petroleum gas lines. In addition to its large population, Mexico City's air pollution problems are related to its topographical setting. Mexico City is located in a bowl-shaped valley ringed on three sides by mountains, making temperature inversions fairly common during the late fall and early winter months. To improve Mexico City's air quality, steps have been taken to introduce cleaner vehicles, cleaner gasoline, driving restrictions, and emissions testing. Moreover, Mexico's national oil company has upgraded its refineries, and increased imports of cleaner fuel from the United States.
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